Security analysis for lawyers: poor, to fairly cloudy

Hardly a day goes by that a lawyer, or a security expert talking to lawyers, doesn’t suggest that “Dropbox is too flawed for lawyers to use.” People who demonize Dropbox (or any cloud service) often offer a flood of verbiage, but rarely offer a balanced, thoughtful assessment. And they almost never offer realistic solutions.

I was recently directed to this ‘securityblawg’ post, because it was proudly cited by a lawyer concerned about Dropbox. The post, drones on for 2,862 words before noting “[u]ltimately, every lawyer will need to make his or her own decision about the appropriateness of using Dropbox for client work.” And then it recommends, of course (since it’s written by a security firm), that lawyers should “encrypt sensitive information before placing it on Dropbox.”

Right. That’s sort of a given. Did we need almost 3,000 words to support that advice?

You rarely hear security experts begin a blog post by pointing out an ironclad security principle: no security system is perfect, and the attempt to craft “perfect security” invariably leads to minimal usability (see e.g. Get Smart’s depiction of the problems with the Cone of Silence for a goofy parody that actually illustrates the point perfectly).

You rarely hear security experts begin by conceding another “security fact of life”: namely, that if a hacker or some evil doer is intent on getting into your data, then the odds are, with enough time, they will.

The way that lazy, marginally-skilled hackers get into your data is typically not through Dropbox, or any other cloud-provider’s failings, but through social-engineering or guessing your bad passwords. Or just camping out at a place where lots of people with bad security habits tend to frequent.

Let’s ask questions that get to the heart of the most common security problems. Here’s a few, and I submit these should be required to be discussed before answering any question that comes up about Dropbox. For example…

How many lawyers out there log into secure accounts while using the free Wi-Fi at a local coffee shop? How many click on links in emails that say “Is this really a picture of you?!!” How many use an easy-to-guess password? How many don’t bother to log out of their office computer while they go to lunch? How many leave it open overnight? How many use the same easy-to-guess password for all their online accounts? How many lawyers use one of the 25 most common passwords, such as “password” or “123456”?

Answer: probably lots. So, let’s not waste words on mumbo jumbo. Let’s get real.

Security is about making assessments, and weighing risks, benefits, and contexts. There is no “one size fits all solution” for security. In the end, the security gurus will wind up saying “it depends.” Some will say this after thousands of words that they copy and paste from prior articles; because they always say the same thing. And they usually end with “and make sure you encrypt your sensitive data.” But what about putting serious security problems in a larger context?

The cloud is only one context; we don’t talk about the ones that have always been problematic, and which are actually the most insidious problems, because we’re too busy obsessing about “the cloud.” What about old-fashioned security mishaps?

For example, I know an attorney who talked on a cellphone with his client about case strategy, while standing next to an opposing counsel in an airport gate. I know because I was that opposing counsel. And, for what it’s worth, I walked away so I wouldn’t hear his conversation. Sometimes ‘not listening’ is the right thing to do.

Conversely, when most people hear about common security problems, and what it takes to address them, they don’t walk away. And they don’t listen.

You can rail about Dropbox and the cloud all you want. The real security problems lie not in the clouds, but in ourselves.

Bar associations should pay attention to comment spam from law-related websites

In addition to this blog I also have one called PDF for Lawyers. Back in October of 2010 I put up a short post called Do More with Acrobat; it’s not that hard. I have comments enabled, but that’s not a post that many people wanted to comment on. Until a few minutes ago.

I got a notification that some entity wanted to post the following comment:

I am very much interested to have every bit knowledge about Acrobat.But the link you have provided with this post is not working.I was curious to know more things i can do with Acrobat.

There was a link in the referenced PDF for Lawyers post, and it is indeed no longer working. But the commenter wasn’t really as much interested in giving me useful information as he/she/it was in seeding my site with a link back to the online referral mill listed in the image capture below:

The company running it is creating comment spam as a way of boosting their ratings; it’s likely that Google will eventually figure it out and penalize the site in its rankings. Once Google penalizes a site it’s as good as invisible. But meanwhile there’s other folks that should take note.

For example, the Mississippi Bar Asociation should also check into this company. It’d be nice to find out which lawyers are using them, and whether those lawyers know that the company is engaging in shameful behavior. If they don’t know, then why not? Did the lawyers just hire some SEO expert and not ask any questions? Maybe so, but that doesn’t mean the lawyers should not be held accountable.

You can be sure that this is happening in every state in the country. And every state bar association should spend a little time trying to get to the root of this kind of comment spam. Or they should if they care about how the legal profession might be perceived by people who use the Internet.

My upcoming Louisiana CLE seminars (Baton Rouge & New Orleans)

I'll be doing three live, all-day CLE programs in late December: one in Baton Rouge and two in New Orleans. Each program is 6 hours of CLE credit, with 1 hour of Ethics and 1 hour of Professionalism. If you want to sign up use the promo code ERNIEATTORNEY to save 10% off the price of the program.

Here's a brief summary of the programs.

Digital Lawyering & Tech Tips (Baton Rouge) - Click to Sign-Up

When: Friday (Dec 21st) - 6 hours total CLE (1 hr Ethics; 1 hr Professionalism; 4 hrs LPM)

Executive summary: All lawyers will learn how to use technology to work more productively while out of the office, and to more efficiently handle email in and out of the office. Litigators will learn how to gather information (including social media information), and to better organize that information. All lawyers will learn to avoid ethical problems and how to present a more professional online appearance to potential clients and others. We'll also cover the latest law-related tech tools, and tell you which ones are truly useful and reliable, and easiest to use.

Digital Lawyering & Tech Tips (New Orleans) - Click to Sign-Up

When: Thus (Dec 27st) - 6 hours total CLE (1 hr Ethics; 1 hr Professionalism; 4 hrs LPM)

Executive summary: All lawyers will learn how to use technology to work more productively while out of the office, and how to more efficiently handle email in and out of the office. Litigators will learn how to gather information (including social media information), and to better organize that information. All lawyers will learn to avoid ethical problems and how to present a more professional online appearance to potential clients and others. We'll also cover the latest law-related tech tools, and tell you which ones are truly useful and reliable, and easiest to use.

Paperless Lawyering & Tech Tips (New Orleans) - Click to Sign-Up

When Friday (Dec 28st) - 6 hours total CLE (1 hr Ethics; 1 hr Professionalism; 4 hrs LPM)

Executive summary: All lawyers will learn how to lessen the reliance on paper, and to set up systems that allow them to work with documents more efficiently while out of the office. We'll explain how to create complex documents more easily, ways that allow those documents to be reused later as forms. Litigators will learn to be more effective in advocacy by using tools that help them create compelling visual presentations. We'll finish with a rapid-review of interesting tech tools, focusing on the ones that actually help you get more done in less time, with less stress. 

New Orleans Lawyer Meetup Group - Off to a good start

Last Wednesday  we had the inaugural gathering of the New Orleans Lawyer Meetup Group, which is going to be an informal gathering of lawyers who are new to the profession or new to the city. We welcome others who can help those new lawyers get started. So, obviously, we had some more experienced lawyers who can serve as mentors, providing useful advice or just plain old encouragement. And we had some folks who aren't lawyers, such as accountants, web-designers, tech-savvy folks etc. 

Technology plays a big part in helping lawyers practice law, so that's probably going to be a core part of the group. But, overall the goal is to make the meetings fun and informative in a casual way. We plan to meet once a month, probably on Wednesdays or Thursdays. Members of the group will automatically qualify for a 10% discount on any of the CLE seminars my PaperlessChase company does. We plan to offer our CLE programs for free to lawyers who have been admitted to Louisiana in the past year. If you are a new lawyer, or want to help new lawyers then this is a good group to join. Click here to sign up if you're interested.

CLE programs: why are they often irrelevant to most lawyers' practice areas?

I just got a brochure for a two day CLE program, and it reveals something that is common to a lot of these all day, or multi-day, programs: the choice of topics have no coherence, and therefore little utility for most lawyers. If you're going to spend all day in a CLE seminar wouldn't you want all (or most all) of the programs to be relevant to your practice? Isn't that they idea of CLE? If it's not relevant how can it benefit the lawyer or their clients?

Just so you see a concrete example, here is a list of some of the topics. As you read them ask yourself would a lawyer go to this multi-day seminar to learn, or just to load up on CLE credits?

  • Jury selection tips
  • Bankruptcy problems: how to avoid them
  • How music conditions us culturally
  • Eye witness identification problems
  • Mobile lawyering tips
  • "Grandma's last chance" (not sure what this is about)
  • Recent developments in Civil procedure
  • Recent developments in Criminal law
  • Medicaid & Estate planning
  • Commercial leases: how to avoid problems
  • Ethics
  • Land Use: planning and development

These mish-mash programs are offered because the people who put them on are dependent on getting free speakers, and it's hard to coordinate a bunch of free speakers who will talk about a coherent topic. I'm not condemning the organizer of this program; they're just doing what everyone else does. And it seems to be hard for most CLE organizers to figure out how to attract quality speakers on a regular basis.

Even if the organizer is a state bar association.

Upcoming iPad for Lawyers seminar in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

 

Lawyers in Baton Rouge who want to learn more about Mobile Lawyering with iPads should sign up for our Nov. 30th seminar. It’s at the Crown Plaza hotel on Friday afternoon, from 1 to 5 pm. Here are some things Dane Ciolino and I will cover:

  • Security issues, and how to avoid them when using an iPad or mobile device
  • Creating documents, editing and sharing
  • Digital signatures and how to sign documents on an iPad
  • Deposition tools, and strategies
  • Note-taking software and tips for using effectively
  • Display of trial exhibits using and iPad (including wireless presentation)

The seminar is limited to 35 people and will fill up fast. We have early bird pricing in effect until November 14th. Here are some more things to know about our seminar:

  • 3 hours of CLE credit, including 1 hour of Ethics credit
  • Free Wi-Fi available in the seminar room
  • No questions asked refunds up until the day of the seminar
  • We have free giveaways relevant to our talks (e.g. books on iPads for Lawyers)
  • We offer free online videos at our website (you only pay if you want CLE credit)

For more information, and to reserve your spot with a credit card click here.

My book on "blogging for lawyers" is ready for order

The ABA is ready to begin accepting orders on my book: Blogging in One Hour for Lawyers (click link to order). Here's the gist of the book:

"Until a few years ago, only the largest firms could afford to engage an audience of millions. Now, lawyers in any size firm can reach a global audience at little to no cost--all because of blogs. An effective blog can help you promote your practice, become more "findable" online, and take charge of how you are perceived by clients, journalists and anyone who uses the Internet. Blogging in One Hour for Lawyers will show you how to create, maintain, and improve a legal blog--and gain new business opportunities along the way. In just one hour, you will learn to:

  • Set up a blog quickly and easily
  • Write blog posts that will attract clients
  • Choose from various hosting options like Blogger, TypePad, and WordPress
  • Make your blog friendly to search engines, increasing your ranking
  • Tweak the design of your blog by adding customized banners and colors
  • Easily send notice of your blog posts to Facebook and Twitter
  • Monitor your blog's traffic with Google Analytics and other tools
  • Avoid ethics problems that may result from having a legal blog

I've setup a special blog at OneHrBlog.com  to continue the conversation about how lawyers can learn to blog, or how to improve the blog they already have. Obviously, there are other lawyer-bloggers out there with great advice to offer on this topic so I'd love to hear from those folks. There's a twitter feed too. If you are interested in reviewing the book, shoot me an email and I'll get you a copy.

And this Friday I'll be on the This Week in Law podcast with Denise Howell and Rick Klau, two of the really early law bloggers. We'll be talking about the power of blogs, and other law-related topics, along with Evan Brown of the blog Internet Cases. So tune in at 1 pm Central Time to catch a rare reunion of some "old lawyer bloggers."*

* "old" measured in Internet Time of course, not in "human body aging time."

Ethics alert: be careful about posting ABA formal ethics opinions on the web

Last week I got an email from someone in the legal department of the American Bar Association. They wanted me to remove a PDF file with a formal ABA ethics opinion on metadata, because I hadn't sought, and received, permission to post it. Of course, I had no idea that ABA opinions were subject to strict publication controls.

I would have thought the ABA would want to make it as easy as possible for people to know about their formal ethics opinions.

I told two lawyer friends about the ABA's email. One is an ethics expert, and said "the ABA has long taken this position, and it's annoying." The other is an intellectual property expert; she was surprised the ABA would claim a copyright in formal opinions. She offered to help me craft a response letter to ask the ABA to explain their position, but I told her I'd rather just take down the file and move on.

What do I care if less people have access to ABA formal opinions? It's not my central goal to make lawyers more aware of ethical issues. I would have thought that'd be the ABA's goal. Clearly, I don't understand a lot about the ABA. But I wonder how other lawyers would feel about the ABA's position.

I'm pretty sure many of them would think it's strange.

Update: Carolyn Elefant has been complaining about the ABA's position for years, and has some really thoughtful observations on her blog. She's even created an online petition at Change.org for folks to use to register their disagreement.

3 hour CLE seminar on iPads for Lawyers in New Orleans

Lawyers have adopted iPads with surprising eagerness, but many of them don’t really know how to get the most out of an iPad in their law practice. Dane Ciolino, Jeff Richardson (of iPhoneJD.com fame) and I plan to offer a 3 hour CLE course in mid-September to show New Orleans lawyers the magic tricks for being super-efficient with an iPad.

Among the things we’ll cover are:

  • How to avoid security issues & client-confidentiality issues
  • How to view, edit & share documents from an iPad or iPhone
  • How to sign documents, and manipulate PDFs
  • How to gather legal information (caselaw, statutes) with an iDevice
  • How to take digital notes and recordings
  • How to display exhibits wirelessly at trial

The three presenters will use iPads that are wirelessly connected to a projector, so you’ll see firsthand how powerful the iPad could be as a display device in court. The program will include an hour of Ethics credit. For more information, or to sign up click here (I’d sign up early, first to save money and, second, because it will definitely sell out).

If you sign-up but need to cancel our policy is to always give full refunds, immediately and without questions, if you cancel at least 24 hours before the event. So, if you want to attend I’d sign up now, to lock in the low price and ensure you have a spot.

Social Media in Lawsuits: Antigone Peyton & I discuss on a legal podcast

From tweets to Facebook updates, social media is rapidly dominating how people communicate with others around the globe. And it’s becoming a significant force in lawsuits, leaving a vapor trail of critical evidence that pleases some lawyers and confounds others. Attorneys Craig Williams and Bob Ambrogi interviewed Antigone Peyton and me about the growing role that social media is playing in litigation. The podcast is 30 minutes long, and at the end Antigone and I announced our new project. What’s it about? Well, give a listen (hint: it has to do with social media and lawsuits).

I've been quiet here; but elsewhere busy with a new book, and legal seminar stuff

2012 07 04 ScreenshotSorry I've been a little quiet on the blog here lately, but I've been busy with some good stuff. First, I just submitted the first draft of my book "Blogging in One Hour for Lawyers" to the good folks at the ABA Law Practice Management section. It'll be released in late November if all goes right, and I'll keep you posted when that happens.

I've also been busy ramping up the legal seminar business that Dane Ciolino and I started. Megan Hargroder came on board as a partner last year and has been busy working on a redesign of our blog, and a general branding makeover. We've changed the name of the website DigitalWorkflowCLE.com.

The new website name is PaperlessChase.com, and our new banner logo is awesome. We will be making some more small design tweaks in the coming days. The main thing about the change is that it's easier to market our seminars to lawyers if they have a memorable idea of what we do. The new name is easier to remember, even if it sounds like we are more limited in the scope of what we teach.

Sure, we teach lawyers about how to use lots of different kinds of technology, but a core message is: lawyers who become paperless (or at least move towards a paperless law practice) have an edge. They can be more efficient, work on the go more easily, and save time and money for themselves and their clients. Lawyers who are mostly paperless find it easier to incorporate other types of technology; their tech skills are constantly being honed by the things that they routinely do in their paperless practice.

Tomorrow, Dane and I are doing one of our three hour introductory seminars on becoming paperless for lawyers in Baton Rouge. If you're interested you can learn more about it, and sign up here. It's almost booked up completely so you should definitely sign up in advance. If people wan to sign up at the door we'll obviously try to accommodate them, but it's more disruptive (so we charge a little more), and there are no guarantees for admission if we get too many folks.

There's lots more stuff to announce, but for now that'll give you a sense of what kinds of acorns I've been gathering. Be sure to follow PaperlessChase on Twitter! And sign up for our email newsletter so you get the scoop on future seminars. We've got a 3 hour seminar on iPads for Lawyers set in mid-September in New Orleans that will be awesome!

Our paperless lawyering seminar coming to Baton Rouge in early July

Do you want to learn to take your law practice to a new level of efficiency? Becoming paperless is the path you want to take, and it's not as hard as you'd imagine. Dane Ciolino and I are going to do a 3 hour live CLE seminar in Lafayette, Louisiana this Thursday from 1 – 4 pm (April 19th). So, if you're able to attend, please click here for more details on the topics we'll cover, and to sign up.

If you're not able to attend, then you can still watch our free online videos (which include Ethics and Professionalism CLE). If you're a Louisiana attorney and want CLE credit then you can pay us and we'll get you credit for watching the videos. We have many more free videos on advanced paperless processes over here.

Information is power, but knowing how to process digital information is like having "superpowers." We teach people how to acquire these superpowers (and lawyers get CLE credit). Wouldn't you like to learn how to become paperless and take your practice to an amazing new level of efficiency?

E-Discovery document review in plain English

How do you get electronic data into a format you can use for a quick and easy review? That step is called “processing the data,” and it can be expensive. What it involves means different things to different vendors: e.g. predictive coding, threading, deduping, denisting (sounds stuff Dr. John would say in a gris gris song, right?).

Very few attorneys really understand this kind of thing. But it’d be nice if someone (besides Dr. John) could explain it in plain English. If you have time on Tuesday, May 15th Tom O’Connor can explain it to you. At least to the point where you’ll have a fighting chance when you have to confer with an E-Discovery vendor.

I’ve done many CLE programs with Tom and he earns my highest rating for knowledge and trustworthiness. The lecture will be at the Launch Pad at 643 Magazine Street in New Orleans on May 15th from noon – 1 pm, and light lunch will be available. Space is limited, so RSVP to julie.hackler@avansic.com soon if you want to attend.

Paperless lawyering seminar this Thursday in Lafayette, Louisiana

Do you want to learn to take your law practice to a new level of efficiency? Becoming paperless is the path you want to take, and it’s not as hard as you’d imagine. Dane Ciolino and I are going to do a 3 hour live CLE seminar in Lafayette, Louisiana this Thursday from 1 – 4 pm (April 19th). So, if you’re able to attend, please click here for more details on the topics we’ll cover, and to sign up.

If you’re not able to attend, then you can still watch our free online videos. If you’re a Louisiana attorney and want CLE credit then you can pay us and we’ll get you credit for watching the videos, two of which supply Ethics credit. We have many more free videos on advanced paperless processes over here.

Information is power, but knowing how to process digital information is like having “superpowers.” We teach people how to acquire these superpowers (and lawyers get CLE credit). Wouldn’t you like to learn how to become paperless and take your practice to an amazing new level of efficiency?

Heading off to TechShow - Hope to see you there!

I'm headed off to Chicago today to speak at the ABA TechShow, which is always exciting. I'll meet old friends, and make a bunch of new ones. Most of all, I'll relish hanging with lawyers who appreciate technology, and crave new information about how to make practical use of it in their law practice.

This year is special because both of my co-speakers are people that I've long admired, but never had the chance to present with: David Sparks and Antigone Peyton. On Thursday, Antigone and I will cover "Social Media for Litigators," which is a hot topic and ever-changing. On Friday, David and I will talk about how to be paperless using Mac computers. Both of these talks are going to be really special.

TechShow is an amazing event, and frankly it's impossible to convey how useful, entertaining and enjoyable it is. If you are a lawyer who owns a smartphone and a computer connected to the Internet then you should be here. If you own an iPad then for sure you should be here. The fastest way to learn how to use technology in your law practice is to come to TechShow. And it's the most fun too.

Louisiana's rule re: service of process on attorneys is proof that alien invaders would kick our butts

The other day I got a call from a civil sheriff who wants to serve me with some papers. These are motion papers I received in PDF form weeks ago. What’s more, the papers don’t directly involve my client. It’s nice to keep informed of these ancillary proceedings, but I don’t need the sheriff’s office to deploy men to help me do this. Remember: I already have the PDF copy of the motion, which came to me via The Internet.

The problem I’m describing is required by Louisiana rules of procedure. The rule made sense before the wide-spread adoption of fax machines, email, and the Internet. We may still need sheriffs to serve subpoenas on non-attorneys. But attorneys are officers of the court and requiring sheriffs to serve pleadings on them is needlessly cumbersome and expensive.

Why do we keep doing it?

Answer: because it creates work for sheriffs. And the sheriffs know how to lobby their local legislators to make sure that work doesn’t dry up. If it weren’t for that the rule would have been changed a long time ago. Remember this the next time you hear someone say we live in a “civilized society.” Truth is, many people like things the old fashioned way: inefficient is fine as long as it helps them.

And the next time you see a movie about aliens invading the earth to do us harm remember this: if this ever really happened we’d have no shot. We aren’t even trying solving the obvious problems that technology can help us with. What chance would we have against an advanced race that has solved the mind-boggling problem of inter-stellar travel?

None. Zero. Zilch.

If attending ABA TechShow in Chicago - join me for dinner!

For those of you attending ABA Techshow this year, please join Antigone Peyton and me for a Taste of Techshow dinner Friday evening, March 30. Our dinner will be at Park Grill Chicago, which has a “contemporary American menu,” and our topic will be social media use by lawyers.

The Taste of Techshow dinners are Dutch-treat events and you need to sign up in advance. To join us at Park Grill, or to sign up for any of the other dinners, go to the Taste of Techshow web page. Dinners always sell out quickly, so pick yours soon.

Speaking today & tomorrow: NIBA and LSBA re technology

Today, I'm speaking at the Louisiana State Bar Association's Solo & Small Firm Conference. I'll be doing an early morning session on Little Big Firm (or how being small can be an advantage if you make smart use of technology). Then in the afternoon I'll do a 90 Tech Tips in 90 minutes presentation with Natalie Kelly, Tom O'Connor, Mike Adams and Craig Bayer.

My crazy idea for how to improve continuing legal education

I have a crazy idea.

What if continuing legal education programs took advantage of what we now know about the human brain? Our education system wasn't designed to make learning fun or easy; it was designed to make us obedient factory-workers. CLE programs were developed more recently, but they seem to have copied and pasted from the "obedient factory-worker model."

So, say that we were going to re-imagine CLE programs to make them "brain-friendly." How would we do that? Are there any good books that can help us make the shift? Yes, turns out there is an excellent book: Brain Rules: 12 Principles for Surviving and Thriving at Work, Home, and School, written by John Medina, a molecular biologist with a lifelong interest in how brain science might improve the way we teach our children and the way we work.

I recommend that you read the book from cover to cover, but for now I'm going to focus on three key "rules" that would help folks who put on CLE programs. It could also help the folks who create accreditation rules. For sure, it could help the people who attend CLE programs.

Rule #1: We don't pay attention to boring things.

If you want people's attention you have to earn it, and then you have to keep earning it. Most speakers act as though they're entitled to the audience's attention simply because they're up on a riser behind a wooden podium. Engaging an audience takes some practice, but it helps to know what techniques work best and why.

  • Emotion - if you can engage an audience's emotions you'll have a much better chance of keeping their attention. Emotions can be triggered by personal things, but some of the universal triggers are: fear, sex, and familiar things. Emotions are more easily conveyed with pictures and interesting stories than with bullet points, but we'll talk about that in a bit.

  • Meaning - an audience needs a framework for the new information, and they need to know how each piece of information fits into that framework. So, they will pay attention if they're given a roadmap of what's coming, and then continual signals of where you are in that map as you speak. Give them the gist of a topic first to show why it matters, and then you can offer some details. If you give too much detail without clearly explaining why it matters you'll lose the audience fast.

  • Timing - the brain can only pay attention for about 10 minutes. So, ideally, CLE programs wouldn't last more than 10 minutes at a time. Medina says that his 50 minute college lectures ran up against this problem. So, he improvised a workable solution: he breaks down his lectures into 10 minute modules. Each module addresses one core concept, which he explains the meaning of at the start of the module, and then summarizes when he's done.

  • Bait the hook - to "buy" another 10 minutes of attention it's important to create a tantalizing hook. Ideally, the hook should trigger emotions such as fear, laughter, happiness, nostalgia, intrigue or surprise. The hook can't be random. So you can't just work in any old joke or story (see the section on "Meaning" above). The hook has to be relevant to the next module you're going to talk about.

Rule 2: Review information you want to remember

Comedian Father Guido Sarducci used to joke about creating a new type of college called The Five Minute University. The idea was: in five minutes he could teach what the average college graduate still remembers after five years after graduation.

Humor aside, it turns out that Father Sarducci was basically right. Medina cites studies that show that people forget 90% of what they learned in a class within 30 days. The retention time can be extended if the presentation was multi-sensory, with emphasis on visuals (see Rule 3 below).

The best way to ensure retention is with regularly spaced intervals of review. Here the onus is really on the student, but there are things that the presenter can do to help. Here are some embryonic ideas:

  • Create written materials that encourage review and make it easy to do. So, for example, an outline that tracks the speech, but with bullet points and short text.
  • Put the "written materials" online an provide hyperlinks from the bullet points that go to more extensive discussion to encourage exploration of the topic. Using online storage of "written materials" allows you to supplement the written materials after the event. (I use Delicious.com for this purpose; look at my social networking links, as an example of how I use it).
  • Send an email to attendees a week after the event with a link ot the online materials (if you use Eventbrite to schedule your CLE events this is easy to do).
  • Post the slideshow online too, and link to that (Slideshare is great for doing this, and I do it for my presentations)

There are probably a lot of things that we could experiment with here. The first hurdle is to get over the mindset that a CLE provider is only responsible for creating a single live presentation and then does nothing else to encourage further learning or investigation. Aren't we supposed to be encouraging education? Or is it just about supplying credits?

Rule #3: Use more pictures than words

Bullet points are a staple of most slidedeck presentations. And most presentations contain no visuals whatsoever. Our brains struggle with these kinds of presentations, and get very little out of them.

The average powerpoint slide contains 40 words, says Medina. According to extensive research, this almost guarantees that the information won't be paid attention to, understood, or remembered. Many lectures don't feature slides at all, which is fine if the speaker can create vivid mental imagery with words (most can't). Even so, a speech where there are images that compliment the spoken words is much more effective; it creates a retention factor of 65%, as opposed to 10% for words alone.

The best kind of visuals are animations, which need not be complex. Probably even a Ken Burns effect would suffice in many cases. Point is: use animations (or video) occasionally.

They say that a picture is worth 1,000 words, and that might literally be true when it comes to remembering. One study showed that people can remember 2,500 pictures with 90% accuracy days after exposure. A year later their accuracy is still above 60%. Pictures are a powerful tool for explaining things, and for fixing new information into memory.

I understand the daily challenge of the accreditation folks: getting speakers to give interesting seminars is harder than creating rules focused on audience compliance. Much harder. But instead of easy rules that do little good, why not propose some new ideas that significantly improve CLE? For example, formally decree that speakers follow the Guy Kawasaki 10/20/30 Rule of Powerpoint. Or, at least the ’30’ part of it.

Conclusion: A proposed approach to the 60 minute CLE program

  • Opening - (2 or 3 mins) - memorable opening in first 30 seconds, then explain the GIST of the lesson. Then provide the ROADMAP of presentation (e.g. list the modules and how they fit together)
  • Module 1 − (10 mins) - Remember to use MULTI-SENSORY stimulation (more VISUALS than words, ANIMATED wherever possible)
  • Use a relevant HOOK to set up next module
  • Modules 2 − (50 mins total) - Repeat formula above, with liberal repetition of “where we are.” Don’t need hooks for last two modules; people tend to stay tuned in based on the first ones, and the 10 minute cycle.
  • Wind down - (4 − 5 mins) -Briefly revisit the key ideas, and some key details Tell students where the visuals will be posted online for later review.
  • Q&A - (3 − 5 mins) - Answer questions with reference to materials discussed if possible to reinforce concepts

Does Mass Media Inhibit Critical Thinking Skills?

On TV the other day there was a story about whether doctors in the United States over diagnose ADD and ADHD in children. The number of kids who are on Ritalin and Adderall has climbed in the past decade or so, and so the question is whether that's because more kids have ADD these days, or because it's being more readily prescribed.

The story began by profiling a doctor (I forget his name) who said there definitely is over diagnosis of ADD and ADHD. He was quoted as saying "I'm not saying that there are no valid cases of ADD, but just that some of the kids receiving this diagnosis aren't truly in need of medication." I was paying close attention to how he phrased his statement because I knew what was going to happen next.

Then the story shifted to B-roll footage of a small kid playing peacefully with some blocks. The voiceover was from his mom who described how her son used to be incapable of concentrating, but now that he was taking Ritalin he was fine. Then the dad came in and confirmed this. Finally, the mom was shown on camera emphasizing that, for her son, medication was the only solution.

The segment then cut over to the network anchor and the chief medical correspondent, who confirmed that some kids truly need medication. There was no attempt to address the issue of whether some kids might be taking medication unncessarily.

If you weren't paying close attention (and most people don't when they watch TV), you'd come away with the impression that the question about over diagnosis had been answered, and the answer was that ADD is not over diagnosed.

The mainstream media is not purposefully trying to retard our critical thinking skills, but that's the outcome. Creating video stories is time-consuming. And they want to "tell both sides of the story." Maybe if they had more time they'd find a case of a child that arguably didn't need ADD medication, but then that would imply the parents weren't doing their job. Even if they did spotlight a child with marginal ADD, they'd still need to establish that maybe some doctors don't think that ADD is over diagnosed.

It follows the classic TV story formula: make the story easy to tell, and easy to understand, and don't sweat small disconnect that inhibits critical reasoning skills.

Law school, and 20 plus years as an attorney, have made me hyper-vigilant about information I receive from other people. If someone is making a point I automatically start assessing the way they make the point, and the data that they use to back it up. It's too bad that more people aren't subjected to the training that law students receive.

Here's a test of reasoning that comes from the excellent book by Daniel Kahneman, Thinking Fast and Slow:

Consider this: A study of the incidence of kidney cancer in the 3,141 counties of the United States reveals a remarkable pattern. The counties in which the incidence of kidney cancer are the lowest are mostly rural, sparsely populated, and located in traditional Republican states in the Midwest, the South and the West. Now, what do you make of this information?

Most people (but sadly, I would argue, not all) quickly figure out that the fact the counties in question are "traditional Republican" has nothing to do with the incidence of kidney cancer. The thing that people tend not to focus on is that the incidence of kidney cancer will be lower in sparsely populated areas.

Kahneman argues that we have two modes of thinking: fast and slow. The fast mode gets fooled easily by "merely statistical facts," that is, "facts, which change the probability of outcomes but do not cause them to happen." And which mode of thinking would you guess that television tends to engage?

One final thought: I was watching the Charlie Rose show the other night and he had a roundtable panel of political analysts talking about Newt Gingrich's recent fall in South Carolina and the likley implications going forward. The panel was pretty diverse, and a few of the members were folks you'd see on Meet The Press or CNN. What was interesting was that the level of discourse on Charlie Rose's show was very civil and moved towards a strong consensus: i.e. Newt Gingrich was not likely to get the nomination for various reasons.

If this question were posed on CNN or MSNBC there would be no consensus, and the level of discourse would be contentious. Watching the Charlie Rose panel I was struck by the realization that, even when there is a consensus among rational people of differing views, it rarely gets revealed on mainstream TV shows. Again, I'm not saying that CNN deliberately misleads its viewers. Maybe they don't understand how their approach degrades critical thinking skills.

You'd think that being in the business of "investigating news and important social topics" that they'd move toward understanding their influence on poor reasoning skills. But, as Upton Sinclair once said, "it's difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it."

So the last question for analysis is this: does the media make more money from letting people argue about things that don't need as much debate if they could be explained better?